Wednesday, December 19, 2012

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Tuesday, September 18, 2012

Software bugs

Most systems contain bugs or loopholes, which may be exploited by malware. A typical example is the buiffer-overrum weakness, in which an interface designed to store data, in a small area of memory, allows the caller to supply more data than will fit. This extra data then overwrites the interface's own executable structure In this manner, malware can force the system to execute malicious code by replacing legitimate code with its own payload of instructions (or data values) copied into live memory, outside the buffer area.
Originally, PCs had to be booted from floppy disks. Until recently it was common for a computer to boot from an external device by default boot device. This meant that a live floppy disk or CD could subvert the computer during booting and boot into a modified operating system.

Malware

Malware, short for malicious software is software used or created to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems. It can appear in the form of code script active content, and other software. 'Malware' is a general term used to refer to a variety of forms of hostile, intrusive, or annoying software
Malware includes computer virus worms,Trojan,horses  spyware ad ware and other malicious programs. In law malware is sometimes known as a computer contaminant, as in the legal codes of several U.S.states . Malware is not the same as defective software, which is software that has a legitimate purpose but contains harmful bugs that were not noticed before release. However, some malware is disguised as genuine software, and may come from an official company website. An example of this is software used for harmless purposes that is packed with additional tracking software that gathers marketing statistics.

computer virus

The computer is also not free from  the virus .A computer virus is a computer program It can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types o fmalware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. The virus is harmful for a compute.The virus is protected by antivirus software which is found in market. the virus of computer may damage all the important data and program. It confuses us to operate computer. We can take to the computer virus as a disease which suffers the computer.

 Mal-ware includes computer viruses, dishonest  and other malicious or unwanted software, including true viruses. Viruses are sometimes confused with worms and Trojan horses, which are technically different. A worm can exploit security vulnerability to spread itself automatically to other computers through networks, while a Trojan horse is a program that appears harmless but hides malicious functions.

 

Sunday, August 5, 2012

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Saturday, June 9, 2012

How to set mouse in my computer

In previous chapter we have learnt about mouse and its function.Use the mouse to interact with items on our screen as we would use our hands to interact with objects in the physical world. We can move objects, open them ,change them,or throw them away,among other things.We can make some changes to its functionality and to the look and behavior or our mouse pointer.For example,we can switch the role of the buttons on our mouse,or adjust the speed of double clicking etc. For the mouse pointer,we can change its appearance,improve it's visibility, or set it  to be hidden when we are typing.
 To make changes to the mouse and mouse pointers we can follow the following steps:
    1.Click on the start menu and click on the point control panel.
     2. Double click on the icon mouse.
    3. Set the mouse option and click on the button OK.








Some other catecory of my computer

Logoff:- There might be more than one user in a single computer with different settings for each user.The logoff category in the start button allows us to change the user.
   Turn off computer:- The turn of computer option in the start button allows us to restart or stand by or Turn off the computer.
   Control panel:- Control panel is full of specialized tools that are used to change the way windows looks and behaves. Some of these tools help you adjust settings that make our computer more fun to use.For example, use mouse option to replace standard mouse pointers with animated icon that  move on our screen,other tools help us set up windows sothat our computer is easier to use.  For example,if we are left-handed,we can use mouse option to switch the mouse buttons so that the button on the right performs the primary functions of selecting and dragging.When we first open control panel, we will see some of the most commonly used control panel item organized by category.To find out more information about an item in control panel while in category view,hold our mouse pointer over the  icon or category name and read the text that appears.To open one of these items,click its icon or category name .Some of these item will open to a list of task we can perform,as well as a selection of individual control panel items.

some categories to use computer

Setting:- Setting category on the start menu allows you to access the control panel, network connection,printer annd faxes,and taskbar and start menu folders.From the setting category we can access the system configuration utilities, set printers and faxes,installed network connection in our computer etc.
    Search:- The search category on the start menu allows us to find files,folders and even computers over the network.By providing a simple command you can easily search for files and folders.We can also specify different conditions for searching specific file type in specific drive and folder.
  Help and support:-the help and support category on start menu allows you to take help on using windows XP. It also allows us to know what's new in windows XP and how we can perform a particular job in windows XP.
   Run:-The run option in the start button allows us to load the  application or programs that we have installed in our computer, instead of going on the programs category. Here, we just need to type the program application name in run dialogue box and click on the button OK. For example,If we want to load MS-paint,we just need to type mspaint and click on ok  button


Sunday, May 13, 2012

My computer about which i know


·         My computer
·         My documents
·         Internet Explorer
·         The Recycle Bin
·         Network Neighbourhood
·         Taskbar
My computer:- The my computer icon provides access to the  resources on your computer.My computer is also  known as the heart of the computer.It is generally located on the top left corner of the desktop.You can access your drives and other peripherals(hard disk, floppy disk,CD drives etc.) by double clicking on the my computer icon.Besides these you can also view Control panel,My documents, Network places etc. inside mycomputer icon.
My document:- My document is a specific folder that allows you to store the windows files by default. It is also known as a handy place to store files and documents that you have created on your computer. It is a convienent way of storing your files and folders sothat you can easily access them next time you want.But it is not necessary to store the files in any location as you want.To open`My Document’ folder double click on it from desktop.
Internet Exoloer:-The internet Exploer icon located on the desktop allows you to launch the Internnet Explorer browser.You use this icon to log on to the Internet.To brouse it you just need to double click on it.
The Recycle Bin:- when you delete an object,files or folders Windows xp sends it to the Recycle Bin.You can restore the deleated items that are located in the Rcycle Binn or you can permanently delete them.It is just like the `Dustbin’, where you throw unwanted things.
Network Neighbourhood:- My network place helps you to view the  list of other computers connected to the network.Sitting on one computer you can view,copy or edit the data of other computers. You can even set up the connection to the internet.
Taskbar:-By Default, the taskbar is located on the bottom edge of the desktop.You can click the taskbar and drag it to other locations.The start button,active program buttons, icon for quick access to programs,and the current time are located on the taskbar.Whenever you open a program,document,or window, an icon for that program appears on the taskbar.This lets you see which programs are currently running and you can also easily switch between them.When many documents and program windows are open, taskbar grouping creates more available space on the taskbar.For example,if you have 10 windows open and three of them are Wordpad documents,the three Word pad document taskbar buttons will group together into  one button named`Wordpad’.Click this button and then click one of the documents to view it.To reduce taskbar clutter, icons  in the notification area(next to the clock)are  hidden from view when they haven’t been used in a while.If ann icon becomes hidden,click the arrow(<) to temporarily display the hidden icons. If you click one of these icon, It is displayed again.
Start button:- The start button is located onn the left side of the taskbar.To use the Start manu  just click the start button or press windows key located between CTRL and ALT key from  your keyboard.To close it,just click outside the empty part part of the screen.The new Start menu is smarter and  provides you with more customization options. It shows you who is logged on.It automatically adds the most

The term used in windows of my computer


Terms used in windows
Desktop…………………………………………
When you start windows, a large background area of the screen with number of small picture can be seen.This area is known as Desktop,the word `Desktop’ is drive from desktop of the offices where all the required thing s are kept on top of the desk .Similarly desktop Some of the terms used while using mouse are:-
·         Pointing:- when you perform some action then the first thing you do is point.To select any object means  to take the mouse pointer over that object.After you point to a particular object  then only  you can perform some action on that object.
·         Click:-Normally click means to select or highlight the pointed object by pressing and releasing the left mouse button once.Double click means pressing snd releasing the left mouse button two times in quick interval.Likewise if you press the right mouse button once then it is knownas`right click’.
·         Dragging and Dropping:- It is a process of moving any object(s) around the screen of your computer.Dragging means when you point and click any object without releasing the left mouse button and moving it to your desired destination.After reaching the destination you release the mouse button which is known as dropping.The combination of both is called as`dragging’ and `dropping’.This is mostly used while copying or moving the object(S)from one location or drive to another.
·         Scrolling:- To navigate(move around in document) you will use scroll button.Now a days you will get the mouse with this feature.Instead of using scroll bars you will use the scroll button on the mouse between the two buttons to move the cursor up and down.You will find more ease to navigate through the document using this button.
of a computer consists of taskbar,start button and quick launch from where you can perform a variety of  task s. The small pictures on the desktop are called as icon.You can change the appearance of the Desktop by right clicking the mouse button and selecting properties.This allows you to change the display properties such as Desktop background and screensaver.There can be as many different icons as user likes but there will be  few icons that will be present in almost every desktop.They are:
·         My computer
·         My documents

The window in my computer


Starting windows………………………
You might be thinking that there is a special command or step to load Windows XP.But there isn’t.To start windows you just need to press the power button from the centeral processing unit(CPU)box.After booting the computer you need to click on the user account and type the password and press`ENTER’ key from the keyboard.Then after sometime, you will be greeted  by the Windows  Desktop screen,which means that the computer is ready to work with.
Basic mouse technique…………………..
Amouse is the most important device in any GUI based system.It is small electronic device which controls the windows. It is used for different purposes. It lets you to point,select and move the object(s) from one location to another.A mouse is linked with arrow that you see on the screen of the computer which you call as pointer or cursor.Different action can be performed depending upon the click of the mouse button. Now a days you can get different types of mouse in the market(eg:Serial mouse,Optical mouse,wireless mouse etc.Usually mouse has two buttons(i.e Left and right) but in some mice you can even get scroll button to activate menus and commands and the right mouse button to display the shortcut menu.

A few discription about computer


Features of windows:-Some important features  that you get in windows are as follows:-
·         It is a multitasking operating system where  multiple programs can run at the same time.The operating system determines which applications should run in what order and how much time should be allowed for each applaction before giving another application a turn.
·         It manage the  sharing of internal memory among multiple application.
·         It handles input and output to and from attached hardware devices,such as hard disk,printers,and dial-up ports.
·         It sends messages to each application or interactive user(or to system operator) about the status of operation and any errors that may have occurred.
·         Windows GUIfeature provides user friendly environment.

Differences between DOS and Windows………………………………………….
Dos
Windows
·         DOS is the character user interface(CUI).eg: No Graphics
·         You need to remember all the syntax and commands.
·         Only keyboard can be used.
·         Multitasking facility is not available.i.e: single user.
·         Data transfer or interchange feature is not available in DOS.

·         Windows is the graphical user interface.eg: Graphic based.
·         Each object will be represented by icon on the screen.
·         Keyboard and mouse both can be used.
·         Multitasking facility is available.
·         Data transfer can interchange between and dissimilar application can be done.